In Guam, the HIPAA Privacy Rule sets most of the standards that Guam health care providers must follow when they handle medical records. The Privacy Rule applies to most physicians, the civil hospital and other health care providers.
Summary of Your Rights
In Guam, you have the right to:
- See and get a copy of your medical record.
Your health care provider usually must let you see your medical record or give you a copy of it no later than 30 days after they receive your request. This right is called the right to access your medical record.
Your health care provider is allowed to charge you a fee for copying your record. They can also charge you the actual cost for postage if you have the copy mailed to you.
- Have information added to your medical record to make it more complete or accurate.
This right is called the right to amend your record. In certain cases, your provider can deny your request to amend your record. If this happens, you have the right to add your own short statement to your medical record.
- File a complaint.
You have the right to file a complaint with the Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services if you believe your health care provider has violated your right to see, get a copy of, or amend your medical record. You can also file a complaint with the state agency that regulates your health care provider.
You can learn more about these rights in the following sections of guide.
Who Has to Follow These Laws?
Most Guam health care providers, such as doctors and hospitals, must follow both the HIPAA Privacy Rule and state laws that give patients rights in their medical records.
There are some health care providers, however, that do not have to follow the HIPAA Privacy Rule. The HIPAA Privacy Rule only covers health care providers that use computers to send health information for certain administrative or financial purposes (such as filing claims for insurance).
Sometimes Ashley goes to a doctor at a free clinic for medical treatment. The doctor does not accept private insurance, Medicaid, or Medicare. The doctor does not file any insurance claims. Ashley’s doctor probably does not have to follow the HIPAA Privacy Rule because the doctor does not appear to send health information for the types of administrative or financial purposes that would make her a covered health care provider under the Rule.
If you have questions about whether your health care provider must follow the federal HIPAA Privacy Rule, you can contact the Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (OCR), the agency that is in charge of enforcing the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Section 4 of this guide lists contact information for OCR.
Are nursing homes covered by HIPAA?
Yes. Most nursing homes are covered by the HIPAA Privacy Rule. They also have to follow other specific rules that only apply to nursing homes and long term care facilities. Because the rules for nursing homes are different than they are for other health care providers, they are not covered by this guide.
What Records Do I Have the Right to Get and Amend?
You have the right to see and get a copy of your medical record. This right often is called the right to access your medical record. You also have the right to have information added to your medical record to make it more complete or accurate. This right is called the right to amend your record. (This guide will call these rights the "right to get and amend.")
Your medical record includes such things as:
- Information that identifies you, such as your name and Social Security number.
- Information that you tell your doctor, such as:
- Your medical history.
- How you feel at the time of your visit.
- Your family health history.
- The results of your examination.
- Test results.
- Treatment received in a hospital.
- Medicine prescribed.
- Notes your doctor makes about you.
- Other information about things that can affect your health or health care.
You have the right to see, get a copy of, and amend these records whether they are kept on paper, on a computer, or in other format.
Who owns my medical record?
Under Guam law, your health care provider owns the actual medical record. For example, if your provider maintains paper medical records, they own and have the right to keep the original record, but you have the right to see and get a copy of it.
What happens if my medical record has information in it that came from a different health care provider?
Generally, if your provider has the medical information that you request, they must give it to you. You have the right to get the information no matter who originally put it in the record. Your right to amend this information may be limited, though. For more information about how to amend information in your record you can read Section 3 of this guide.
Do I have the right to get and amend records related to substance abuse or mental health treatment?
Maybe. The rules for when you can get and amend your records about mental health and substance abuse treatment can be different. For example, psychotherapy notes are treated differently than other records under HIPAA. Because the rules for mental health and substance abuse records can be different they are not discussed in this guide. You can find some resources that explain your rights in these types of records in Section 6.
Who Has the Right to Get and Amend My Medical Record?
You have the right to see and get a copy of medical records that are about you. You also have the right to correct medical records that are about you by having information added to them. (This guide calls these rights the right to "get and amend" your medical record.) If there is someone who acts as your personal representative, they usually have the right to get and amend your record on your behalf.
Do I have the right to get and amend my minor child’s medical record?
Generally, yes. As a parent or guardian, you generally have the right to get and amend your minor child’s medical record. In Guam, you usually have these rights when your child is younger than 18 years old.
As a parent, do I always have the right to get and amend my child’s medical record?
No. A parent does not always have the right to get and amend a minor child’s medical record. For example, if a health care provider reasonably believes that a parent is abusing or neglecting a child, the provider does not have to give the parent access to the child’s medical record.
Some other situations where parents do not have the right to get and amend their child’s medical records are discussed in the following questions and answers.
Who has the right to get and amend my child’s medical record once she turns 18?
Once your child turns 18, your child has the right to see, get a copy of, and amend her own medical record. This includes getting access to records that were created when she was still a minor. After your child turns 18, you usually no longer have the right to get and amend your child’s medical record just because you are her parent.
I am a minor but I am legally married. Who has the right to get and amend my medical records?
You do. In Guam, if you are legally married, you have the right to consent to your own medical treatment. You also have the right to access your own medical records.
I am an unemancipated minor but I can legally consent to certain medical treatment. Who has the right to get and amend medical records related to this treatment.
In Guam as an unemancipated minor you are able to consent to certain types of medical treatment without the permission of your parents. For example, as a minor you may consent to treatment related to pregnancy and childbirth without the permission of your parents. When you consent to treatment, you have the right to get and amend your medical record related to this treatment. In Guam, it is up to your health care provider whether your parents also have the right to get and amend these medical records.
The rules may be different when you, as a minor, obtain testing or treatment for other medical conditions (such as mental health) without parental consent. If you have questions or concerns about whether your parent will have access to your medical information, you should talk to your health care provider.
I am listed as my mother’s agent on her durable power of attorney for health care. Do I have the right to get her medical records?
Yes. If you have been listed as your mother’s agent on her durable power of attorney for health care, you generally have the right to get and correct her medical records that are relevant to making health care decisions on her behalf. You have the right of access only while the power of attorney is actually in effect.
Maria’s mother signed a health care power of attorney form that gives Maria the power to make health care decisions if her mother is unable to make such decisions. Maria’s mother was in a bad accident and is not able to make decisions about her health care. Maria now has the right to make health care decisions on her mother’s behalf. She also has the right to get her mother’s medical records. For example, Maria has the right to see the records about her mother’s current medical condition and treatment.
Maria is curious about the time her mother had a miscarriage. Maria wants to look at these old medical records. Maria does not have the right to get and amend these old medical records because the records have nothing to do with her mother’s current condition or treatment.
My father recently died. Do I have the right to get his medical record?
It depends. You do not have the right to get a deceased person’s medical records just because you are a close relative of theirs. You have the right to get a deceased person’s medical records from a Guam health care provider if you are the personal representative (such as the executor or administrator) of the deceased person's estate.
How Long Does My Provider Have to Keep My Medical Record?
The civilian hospital generally must keep medical records at least 5 years. You have a right to see, get a copy of, and amend your medical record for as long as your health care provider has it.
